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Vero

CCL-81

The Vero cell line was initiated in 1962 from the kidney tissue derived from a normal, adult African green monkey. The cell line can be used in a variety of applications, including the detection of verotoxins, detection of virus in ground beef, efficacy testing, the study of malaria, media testing, and mycoplasma testing.
Product category
Animal cells
Organism
Cercopithecus aethiops
Morphology
epithelial
Tissue
kidney
Disease
Normal
Applications
3D cell culture
High-throughput screening
Industrial biotechnology
Media testing
Toxicology
Bioproduction
Product format
Frozen
Storage conditions
Vapor phase of liquid nitrogen
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Documentation

ATCC determines the biosafety level of a material based on our risk assessment as guided by the current edition of Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is your responsibility to understand the hazards associated with the material per your organization’s policies and procedures as well as any other applicable regulations as enforced by your local or national agencies.

ATCC highly recommends that appropriate personal protective equipment is always used when handling vials. For cultures that require storage in liquid nitrogen, it is important to note that some vials may leak when submersed in liquid nitrogen and will slowly fill with liquid nitrogen. Upon thawing, the conversion of the liquid nitrogen back to its gas phase may result in the vial exploding or blowing off its cap with dangerous force creating flying debris. Unless necessary, ATCC recommends that these cultures be stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen rather than submersed in liquid nitrogen.

Required Products

These products are vital for the proper use of this item and have been confirmed as effective in supporting functionality. If you use alternative products, the quality and effectiveness of the item may be affected.

Detailed product information

General

Specific applications
This cell line can be used for the detection of verotoxin.
This cell line can be used for efficacy testing.
This cell line can be used to study malaria biology.
This cell line can be used for media testing.
This cell line can be used for mycoplasma testing.
This cell line is a suitable transfection host.
This cell line can be used for the detection of virus in ground beef.

Characteristics

Growth properties
Adherent
Passage history
The cell line was brought to the Laboratory of Tropical Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health in the 93rd passage from Chiba University by B. Simizu on June 15, 1964.
Derivation
The Vero cell line was initiated from the kidney of a normal adult African green monkey on March 27, 1962, by Y. Yasumura and Y. Kawakita at the Chiba University in Chiba, Japan. 
Age
adult
Karyotype
This is a cell line with the hypodiploid chromosome count. The modal chromosome number was 58 occurring in 66% of cells. In most cells, over 50% of the chromosomes in each cell complement belonged to structurally altered marker chromosomes. Normal A3, A4, B4, and B5 were absent; B2, B3 and B7 were occasionally paired; and B9, C1 and C5 were mostly paired. The rate of cells with higher ploidies was 1.7%. Other chromosomes were mostly present in single copy.
Virus susceptibility
Human poliovirus 1
Human poliovirus 2
Human poliovirus 3
Getah virus
Pixuna virus
Ross River virus
Semliki Forest virus
Kokobera virus
Modoc virus
Tacaribe virus
SV-5 (parainfluenza type 2)
SV40 virus
Measles virus
Rubella virus
Reovirus type 2
Reovirus 3
Simian adenovirus 3
Simian adenovirus 17
Simian adenovirus 11
Simian adenovirus 1
Simian adenovirus 20
Simian adenovirus 20
Simian adenovirus 18
Simian adenovirus 16
Simian adenovirus 8
Simian adenovirus 17
Simian adenovirus 19
Simian adenovirus 21
Simian adenovirus 25
Simian adenovirus 22
Simian adenovirus 23
Simian adenovirus 38
Simian adenovirus 37
Simian adenovirus 27
Simian adenovirus 39
Simian adenovirus 32
Simian adenovirus 34
Simian adenovirus 31
Simian adenovirus 33
Simian adenovirus 36
Technical information
ATCC Technical Services does not have technical information on patent deposits that are not produced or characterized by ATCC. Additional information can be found in the corresponding patent available from the patent holder or with the U.S. and/or international patent office.

Handling information

Unpacking and storage instructions
  1. Check all containers for leakage or breakage.
  2. Remove the frozen cells from the dry ice packaging and immediately place the cells at a temperature below ­-130°C, preferably in liquid nitrogen vapor, until ready for use.
Complete medium
The base medium for this cell line is ATCC-formulated Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (ATCC 30-2003). To make the complete growth medium, add the following components to the base medium: fetal bovine serum (ATCC 30-2020)  to a final concentration of 10%.
Temperature
37°C
Atmosphere
95% Air, 5% CO2
Handling procedure

To insure the highest level of viability, thaw the vial and initiate the culture as soon as possible upon receipt. If upon arrival, continued storage of the frozen culture is necessary, it should be stored in liquid nitrogen vapor phase and not at -70°C.  Storage at -70°C will result in loss of viability.

  1. Thaw the vial by gentle agitation in a 37°C water bath. To reduce the possibility of contamination, keep the O-ring and cap out of the water. Thawing should be rapid (approximately 2 minutes).
  2. Remove the vial from the water bath as soon as the contents are thawed, and decontaminate by dipping in or spraying with 70% ethanol. All of the operations from this point on should be carried out under strict aseptic conditions.
  3. Transfer the vial contents to a centrifuge tube containing 9.0 mL complete culture medium and spin at approximately 150 to 400 x g for 8 to 12 minutes. Discard supernatant.
  4. Resuspend the cell pellet with the recommended complete medium and dispense into a 25 cm2 culture flask.  It is important to avoid excessive alkalinity of the medium during recovery of the cells.  It is suggested that, prior to the addition of the vial contents, the culture vessel containing the complete growth medium be placed into the incubator for at least 15 minutes to allow the medium to reach its normal pH (7.0 to 7.6).
  5. Incubate the culture at 37°C in a suitable incubator.  A 5% CO2 in air atmosphere is recommended if using the medium described on this product sheet.
Subculturing procedure
Volumes are given for a 75 cm2 flask. Increase or decrease the amount of dissociation medium needed proportionally for culture vessels of other sizes. Corning T-75 flasks (catalog #430641) are recommended for subculturing this product.
    1. Remove and discard culture medium.
    2. Briefly rinse the cell layer with D-PBS (ATCC 30-2200) to remove all traces of serum that contains trypsin inhibitor.
    3. Add 2.0 to 3.0 mL of Trypsin-EDTA solution (ATCC 30-2101) to flask and observe cells under an inverted microscope until cell layer is dispersed (usually within 5 to 15 minutes).
      Note: To avoid clumping do not agitate the cells by hitting or shaking the flask while waiting for the cells to detach. Cells that are difficult to detach may be placed at 37°C to facilitate dispersal.
    4. Add 6.0 to 8.0 mL of complete growth medium and aspirate cells by gently pipetting.
    5. Add appropriate aliquots of the cell suspension to new culture vessels.
    6. Incubate cultures at 37°C.
Subcultivation Ratio: A subcultivation ratio of 1:3 to 1:6 is recommended
Medium Renewal: 2 to 3 times per week
Reagents for cryopreservation
Complete growth medium supplemented with 5% (v/v) DMSO (ATCC 4-X)

Quality control specifications

Bacterial and fungal testing
Not detected
Mycoplasma contamination
Not detected

History

Deposited as
Cercopithecus aethiops
Depositors
W Hann, JS Rhim
Year of origin
1962
Cross references
GenBank X67502 Encephalomyocarditis virus VP1 gene.
GenBank M93012 Monkey diphtheria toxin receptor mRNA.
GenBank U96005 Cercopithecus aethiops endogenous retrovirus-H family LTR Vero1, complete sequence.
GenBank U96006 Cercopithecus aethiops endogenous retrovirus-H family LTR Vero2, complete sequence.
GenBank U96007 Cercopithecus aethiops endogenous retrovirus-H family LTR Vero3, complete sequence.
GenBank U96008 Cercopithecus aethiops endogenous retrovirus-H family LTR Vero4, complete sequence.
GenBank U96009 Cercopithecus aethiops endogenous retrovirus-H family LTR Vero5, complete sequence.
GenBank U96010 Cercopithecus aethiops endogenous retrovirus-H family LTR Vero12, complete sequence.
GenBank U96011 Cercopithecus aethiops endogenous retrovirus-H family LTR Vero13, complete sequence.
GenBank U96012 Cercopithecus aethiops endogenous retrovirus-H family LTR Vero22, complete sequence.
GenBank U96013 Cercopithecus aethiops endogenous retrovirus-H family LTR Vero24, complete sequence.
GenBank M36467 African swine fever (ASF) virus V118, X'82, U124, U104, and L270 protein genes, complete cds.

Legal disclaimers

Intended use
This product is intended for laboratory research use only. It is not intended for any animal or human therapeutic use, any human or animal consumption, or any diagnostic use.
Warranty

The product is provided 'AS IS' and the viability of ATCC® products is warranted for 30 days from the date of shipment, provided that the customer has stored and handled the product according to the information included on the product information sheet, website, and Certificate of Analysis. For living cultures, ATCC lists the media formulation and reagents that have been found to be effective for the product. While other unspecified media and reagents may also produce satisfactory results, a change in the ATCC and/or depositor-recommended protocols may affect the recovery, growth, and/or function of the product. If an alternative medium formulation or reagent is used, the ATCC warranty for viability is no longer valid.  Except as expressly set forth herein, no other warranties of any kind are provided, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, manufacture according to cGMP standards, typicality, safety, accuracy, and/or noninfringement.

Disclaimers

This product is intended for laboratory research use only. It is not intended for any animal or human therapeutic use, any human or animal consumption, or any diagnostic use. Any proposed commercial use is prohibited without a license from ATCC.

While ATCC uses reasonable efforts to include accurate and up-to-date information on this product sheet, ATCC makes no warranties or representations as to its accuracy. Citations from scientific literature and patents are provided for informational purposes only. ATCC does not warrant that such information has been confirmed to be accurate or complete and the customer bears the sole responsibility of confirming the accuracy and completeness of any such information.

This product is sent on the condition that the customer is responsible for and assumes all risk and responsibility in connection with the receipt, handling, storage, disposal, and use of the ATCC product including without limitation taking all appropriate safety and handling precautions to minimize health or environmental risk. As a condition of receiving the material, the customer agrees that any activity undertaken with the ATCC product and any progeny or modifications will be conducted in compliance with all applicable laws, regulations, and guidelines. This product is provided 'AS IS' with no representations or warranties whatsoever except as expressly set forth herein and in no event shall ATCC, its parents, subsidiaries, directors, officers, agents, employees, assigns, successors, and affiliates be liable for indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any kind in connection with or arising out of the customer's use of the product. While reasonable effort is made to ensure authenticity and reliability of materials on deposit, ATCC is not liable for damages arising from the misidentification or misrepresentation of such materials.

Please see the material transfer agreement (MTA) for further details regarding the use of this product. The MTA is available at www.atcc.org.

Disclosures
This material is cited in a US and/or international patent and may not be used to infringe the claims. Depending on the wishes of the Depositor, ATCC may be required to inform the Depositor of the party to which the material was furnished.

Permits & Restrictions

Import Permit for the State of Hawaii

If shipping to the U.S. state of Hawaii, you must provide either an import permit or documentation stating that an import permit is not required. We cannot ship this item until we receive this documentation. Contact the Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA), Plant Industry Division, Plant Quarantine Branch to determine if an import permit is required.

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT PERMITS AND RESTRICTIONS

Frequently Asked Questions

References

Curated Citations

British Pharmacopoeia Commission Tests for microbial contamination. London, UK:British Pharmacopoeia Commission;British Pharmacopoeia Appendix XVI B, 2003

Didier ES, et al. Characterization of Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinailis isolates cultured from nasal mucosa and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of two AIDS patients. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 43: 34-43, 1996. PubMed: 8563708

American Public Health Association. Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods. 3rd ed.Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 1992.

Yasumura Y, Kawakita Y. Studies on SV40 in tissue culture - preliminary step for cancer research in vitro. Nihon Rinsho 21: 1201-1215, 1963.

Simizu B, et al. Characterization of the Tacaribe group of arboviruses. I. Propagation and plaque assay of Tacaribe virus in a line of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero). Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 125: 119-123, 1967. PubMed: 6027511

View All Curated Citations for this Product

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