Toxins from Clostridium perfringens
Available only to researchers within the 50 United States*
Three unique toxins from Clostridium perfringens are available for laboratory research use only. The highly purified preparations (>95% by SDS-PAGE) are ideal for cytotoxicity assays and Western blots.
The Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is an important cause of human and livestock disease. There are five subtypes of C. perfringens (A-E), and the bacteria’s virulence is derived from its generation of more than 13 protein toxins. Of these, PFO, CPE, and CPB play a key role in the pathogenesis of C. perfringens-mediated disease.
 Perfringolysin O (PFO)
ATCC® Number BTX-100
Perfringolysin O is a toxin produced by C. perfringens. PFO from the ATCC is a recombinant protein expressed in and isolated from E. coli and contains a N-terminal histidine tag. It is supplied as a frozen solution of approximately 25 µg of PFO suspended in 50 µL of 50 mM HEPES (pH 8.0), 10% glycerol, 150 mM NaCl and 5 mM DTT. The preparation is suitable for hemolytic assays and Western blots.
Beta Toxin (CPB)
ATCC® Number BTX-110
Beta Toxin is produced by type B and type C strains of C. perfringens. CPB from ATCC is a native protein purified from culture supernatants of C. perfringens C, strain CN3685 and is recommended for Western blots and cytotoxicity assays. ATCC Beta Toxin is provided as a solution of approximately 20 µg of beta toxin suspended in 50 µL of 300 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) and 100 mM NaCl.
 Enterotoxin (CPE)
ATCC® Number BTX-120
C. perfringens enterotoxin is a native protein isolated from culture supernatants of C. perfringens type A, strain B. Hobbs 3653/50. Each vial of ATCC CPE contains approximately 10 µg of lyophilized CPE ready for reconstitution. The preparation is qualified for cytotoxicity assays and Western blots.
* Special Ordering Information
These toxin products are intended to be used for laboratory research purposes only and are not intended for use in humans, animals, or for diagnostics. These products are distributed only within the 50 United States and are not available for international distribution. The toxin products are made available only to qualified scientists with active ATCC accounts.
For optimal results, rely on these ATCC cell lines and culture reagents to perform cytotoxicity assays.
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ATCC® Number
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Product
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Quantity
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HTB-37™
30-2003
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Caco-2, human colon epithelial cell line;
Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM)
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vial
500 ml
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CCL-240™
30-2005
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HL-60, human peripheral blood myeoblastic cell line
Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (IMDM)
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vial
500 ml
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30-2020
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Fetal Bovine Serum
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500 ml
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30-2021
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Fetal Bovine Serum
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100 ml
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References
Skjelkvåle, R. and T. Uemura. Experimental Diarrhoea in human volunteers following oral administration of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 43: 281-286, 1977. PubMed: 201601.
McDonel, J. L. and B. A. McClane. Production, purification, and assay of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. Methods Enzymol. 165: 94–103, 1988. PubMed: 2906731.
Fernández Miyakawa, M.E., et al. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin damages the human intestine in vitro. Infect. Immun. 73: 8407-8410, 2005. PubMed: 16299340.
Katahira, J., et al. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin utilizes two structurally related membrane proteins as functional receptors in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 26652-26658, 1997. PubMed: 9334247.
Fisher, D. J., et al. Dissecting the contributions of Clostridium perfringens Type C toxins to lethality in the mouse intravenous injection model. Infect. Immun. 74: 5200–5210, 2006. PubMed: 16926413.
Vidal, J. E., et al. Effects of Clostridium perfringens beta-toxin on the rabbit small intestine and colon. Infect. Immun. 76: 4396–4404, 2008. PubMed: 18625730.
Nagahama, M., et al. Involvement of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in Clostridium perfringens beta-toxin-induced plasma extravasation in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 153: 1296-1302, 2008. PubMed: 18264118.
Sakurai, J. and M. Nagahama. Clostridium perfringens Beta-Toxin: Characterization and Action. Toxin Reviews. 25: 89-108, 2006.
Tweten, R. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the Perfringolysin O (theta-toxin) gene from Clostridium perfringens and characterization of the gene product. Infect. Immun. 56: 3228-3234, 1988. PubMed: 19292457.
Flanagan, J. et al. Cholesterol exposure at the membrane surface is necessary and sufficient to trigger perfringolysin O binding. Biochemistry. 48: 3977-3987, 2009. PubMed: 2903127.
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