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Cell Biology
ATCC® Number: HTB-37™    Price: $272.00
Designations: Caco-2
Depositors:  J Fogh
Biosafety Level: 1
Shipped: frozen
Medium & Serum: See Propagation
Growth Properties: adherent
Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Morphology: epithelial
Source: Organ: colon
Disease: colorectal adenocarcinoma
Cellular Products: keratin
retinoic acid binding protein 1
retinol binding protein 2
Permits/Forms: In addition to the MTA mentioned above, other ATCC and/or regulatory permits may be required for the transfer of this ATCC material. Anyone purchasing ATCC material is ultimately responsible for obtaining the permits. Please click here for information regarding the specific requirements for shipment to your location.
Restrictions: The cells are distributed for research purposes only. The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center releases the line subject to the following: 1.) The cells or their products must not be distributed to third parties. Commercial interests are the exclusive property of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. 2.) Any proposed commercial use of these cells must first be negotiated with The Director, Office of Industrial Affairs, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021; phone (212) 639-6181; FAX (212) 717-3439.
Applications: transfection host (Nucleofection technology from Lonza
Roche FuGENE® Transfection Reagents)
Receptors: heat stable enterotoxin (Sta, E. coli), expressed
epidermal growth factor (EGF), expressed
Virus Susceptibility: Human immunodeficiency virus 1
Tumorigenic: Yes
Reverse Transcript: N
DNA Profile (STR): Amelogenin: X
CSF1PO: 11
D13S317: 11,13,14
D16S539: 12,13
D5S818: 12,13
D7S820: 11,12
TH01: 6
TPOX: 9,11
vWA: 16,18
Cytogenetic Analysis: The stemline modal chromosome number is 96, occurring at 16% with polyploidy at 3.2%. Ten common markers were detected i.e., t(1q;?), 10q-, t(11q17q) and 7 others. The t(1q17q) and M11 were found in a portion of cells. The ins(2), 10q-, and t(15q;?) were generally paired, and t(11q;17q) and t(21q;?) were mostly three-copied. Normal N9 was absent, and N21 was lost in some cells. One to 4 small acrocentric chromosomes were detected. No Y chromosome with bright distal q-band was detected by Q-observation.
Isoenzymes: AK-1, 1
ES-D, 1
G6PD, B
GLO-I, 1
Me-2, 1
PGM1, 1
PGM3, 1
Age: 72 years adult
Gender: male
Ethnicity: Caucasian
HeLa Markers: N
Comments: Upon reaching confluence, the cells express characteristics of enterocytic differentiation [PubMed ID: 1939345]. Caco-2 cells express retinoic acid binding protein I and retinol binding protein II [PubMed ID: 9040537].
Propagation: ATCC complete growth medium: The base medium for this cell line is ATCC-formulated Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium, Catalog No. 30-2003. To make the complete growth medium, add the following components to the base medium: fetal bovine serum to a final concentration of 20%.
Atmosphere: air, 95%; carbon dioxide (CO2), 5%
Temperature: 37.0°C
Subculturing: Protocol:
  1. Remove and discard culture medium.
  2. Briefly rinse the cell layer with 0.25% (w/v) Trypsin - 0.53 mM EDTA solution to remove all traces of serum which contains trypsin inhibitor.
  3. Add 2.0 to 3.0 ml of Trypsin-EDTA solution to flask and observe cells under an inverted microscope until cell layer is dispersed (usually within 5 to 15 minutes).
    Note: To avoid clumping do not agitate the cells by hitting or shaking the flask while waiting for the cells to detach. Cells that are difficult to detach may be placed at 37C to facilitate dispersal.
  4. Add 6.0 to 8.0 ml of complete growth medium and aspirate cells by gently pipetting.
  5. Add appropriate aliquots of the cell suspension to new culture vessels.The recommended inoculum is 1 X 10(4) viable cells/cm2. Subculture cells when they are about 80% confluent, at a cell concentration between 8 X 10(4) and 1 X 10(5) cell/cm2.
  6. Incubate cultures at 37C.

Subcultivation Ratio: A subcultivation ratio of 1:4 to 1:6 is recommended
Medium Renewal: 1 to 2 times per week
Preservation: Freeze medium: Complete growth medium, 95%; DMSO, 5%
Storage temperature: liquid nitrogen vapor temperature
Doubling Time: about 62 hours
Related Products: Recommended medium (without the additional supplements or serum described under ATCC Medium):ATCC 30-2003
recommended serum:ATCC 30-2020
derivative:ATCC CRL-2102
0.25% (w/v) Trypsin - 0.53 mM EDTA in Hank' BSS (w/o Ca++, Mg++):ATCC 30-2101
Cell culture tested DMSO:ATCC 4-X
References: 18385: Didier ES, et al. Characterization of Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinailis isolates cultured from nasal mucosa and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of two AIDS patients. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 43: 34-43, 1996. PubMed: 8563708
22409: Jumarie C, Malo C. Caco-2 cells cultured in serum-free medium as a model for the study of enterocytic differentiation in vitro. J. Cell. Physiol. 149: 24-33, 1991. PubMed: 1939345
22536: Fogh J, et al. Absence of HeLa cell contamination in 169 cell lines derived from human tumors. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58: 209-214, 1977. PubMed: 833871
22539: Fogh J, et al. One hundred and twenty-seven cultured human tumor cell lines producing tumors in nude mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 59: 221-226, 1977. PubMed: 327080
22564: Adachi A, et al. Productive, persistent infection of human colorectal cell lines with human immunodeficiency virus. J. Virol. 61: 209-213, 1987. PubMed: 3640832
22861: Trainer DL, et al. Biological characterization and oncogene expression in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. Int. J. Cancer 41: 287-296, 1988. PubMed: 3338874
23009: Cohen MB, et al. Receptors for Escherichia coli heat stable enterotoxin in human intestine and in a human intestinal cell line (Caco-2). J. Cell. Physiol. 156: 138-144, 1993. PubMed: 8100232
23012: Basson MD, et al. Effect of tyrosine kinase inhibition on basal and epidermal growth factor-stimulated human Caco-2 enterocyte sheet migration and proliferation. J. Cell. Physiol. 160: 491-501, 1994. PubMed: 8077287
23118: Heinen CD, et al. Microsatellite instability in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines that have full-length adenomatous polyposis coli protein. Cancer Res. 55: 4797-4799, 1995. PubMed: 7585508
23148: Gilbert T, Rodriguez-Boulan E. Induction of vacuolar apical compartments in the Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell line. J. Cell Sci. 100: 451-458, 1991. PubMed: 1808199
23191: Rigothier MC, et al. A new in vitro model of Entamoeba histolytica adhesion, using the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2: scanning electron microscopic study. Infect. Immun. 59: 4142-4146, 1991. PubMed: 1937772
23416: Levin MS. Cellular retinol-binding proteins are determinants of retinol uptake and metabolism in stably transfected Caco-2 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 8267-8276, 1993. PubMed: 8463337
23563: Trotter PJ, Storch J. Fatty acid esterification during differentiation of the human intestinal cell line Caco-2. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 10017-10023, 1993. PubMed: 8387510
25093: Santoro IM, Groden J. Alternative splicing of the APC gene and its association with terminal differentiation. Cancer Res. 57: 488-494, 1997. PubMed: 9012479
32376: White LJ, et al. Attachment and entry of recombinant norwalk virus capsids to cultured human and animal cell lines. J. Virol. 70: 6589-6597, 1996. PubMed: 8794293
32562: Baier LJ, et al. A polymorphism in the human intestinal fatty acid binding protein alters fatty acid transport across Caco-2 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 10892-10896, 1996. PubMed: 8631905
32794: Kutchera W, et al. Protaglandin H synthase 2 is expressed abnormally in human colon cancer: evidence for a transcriptional effect. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 4816-4820, 1996. PubMed: 8643486
33127: Grindstaff KK, et al. Translational regulation of Na,K-ATPase alpha1 and beta1 polypeptide expression in epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 23211-23221, 1996. PubMed: 8798517
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