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Cell Biology
ATCC® Number: CRL-1555™    Price: $256.00
Designations: A-431
Depositors:  DJ Giard, SA Aaronson
Biosafety Level: 1
Shipped: frozen
Medium & Serum: See Propagation
Growth Properties: adherent
Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Morphology: epithelial
Source: Organ: skin
Tissue: epidermis
Disease: epidermoid carcinoma
Permits/Forms: In addition to the MTA mentioned above, other ATCC and/or regulatory permits may be required for the transfer of this ATCC material. Anyone purchasing ATCC material is ultimately responsible for obtaining the permits. Please click here for information regarding the specific requirements for shipment to your location.
Applications: transfection host (Nucleofection technology from Lonza
Roche FuGENE® Transfection Reagents)
Tumorigenic: Yes
DNA Profile (STR): Amelogenin: X
CSF1PO: 11,12
D13S317: 9,13
D16S539: 12,14
D5S818: 12,13
D7S820: 10
THO1: 9
TPOX: 11
vWA: 15,17
Cytogenetic Analysis: This is a hypertriploid human cell line. The modal chromosome number was 74 occurring in 36% of cells. The rate of cells with higher ploidies was 1.0%.
Isoenzymes: AK-1, 1
ES-D, 1
G6PD, B
GLO-I, 2
Me-2, 0
PGM1, 1
PGM3, 1
Age: 85 years
Gender: female
Comments: The epidermoid carcinoma cell line A-431, derived from an 85-year-old female, is one of a series of cell lines established from solid tumors by D.J. Giard, et al. [23218]
Propagation: ATCC complete growth medium: The base medium for this cell line is ATCC-formulated Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, Catalog No. 30-2002. To make the complete growth medium, add the following components to the base medium: fetal bovine serum to a final concentration of 10%.
Temperature: 37.0°C
Subculturing: Protocol:
  1. Remove and discard culture medium.
  2. Briefly rinse the cell layer with 0.25% (w/v) Trypsin- 0.53 mM EDTA solution to remove all traces of serum that contains trypsin inhibitor.
  3. Add 2.0 to 3.0 ml of Trypsin-EDTA solution to flask and observe cells under an inverted microscope until cell layer is dispersed (usually within 5 to 15 minutes).
    Note: To avoid clumping do not agitate the cells by hitting or shaking the flask while waiting for the cells to detach. Cells that are difficult to detach may be placed at 37°C to facilitate dispersal.
  4. Add 6.0 to 8.0 ml of complete growth medium and aspirate cells by gently pipetting.
  5. Add appropriate aliquots of the cell suspension to new culture vessels.
  6. Incubate cultures at 37°C.

      Subcultivation Ratio: A subcultivation ratio of 1:3 to 1:8 is recommended
      Medium Renewal: Every 2 to 3 days
Preservation: Freeze medium: Complete growth medium supplemented with 5% (v/v) DMSO
Storage temperature: liquid nitrogen vapor phase
Related Products: Recommended medium (without the additional supplements or serum described under ATCC Medium):ATCC 30-2002
recommended serum:ATCC 30-2020
derivative:ATCC CRL-2592
References: 23093: Faust JB, Meeker TC. Amplification and expression of the bcl-1 gene in human solid tumor cell lines. Cancer Res. 52: 2460-2463, 1992. PubMed: 1568216
23218: Giard DJ, et al. In vitro cultivation of human tumors: establishment of cell lines derived from a series of solid tumors. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51: 1417-1423, 1973. PubMed: 4357758
32507: Kovelman R, et al. Enhanced transcriptional activation by E2 proteins from the oncogenic human papillomaviruses. J. Virol. 70: 7549-7560, 1996. PubMed: 8892874
32568: Lee JH, et al. The proximal promoter of the human transglutaminase 3 gene. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 4561-4568, 1996. PubMed: 8626812
32582: Chang K, Pastan I. Molecular cloning of mesothelin, a differentiation antigen present on mesothelium, mesotheliomas, and ovarian cancers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 136-140, 1996. PubMed: 8552591
32912: Wizemann TM, et al. Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase contributes to the maintenance of adhesins in three major pathogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 7985-7990, 1996. PubMed: 8755589
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